Welcome back to Day 6 of the 100 Days of Hell with Python Algo Trading! It’s 3:30 AM in Singapore, and the grind continues. If you’re feeling low or demotivated, stay consistent—success is just a matter of time!
Today, we’ll cover sets and dictionaries in Python, crucial for quantitative traders and crypto trading strategies. You’ll also attempt MCQs, tasks, and a mini project to solidify your learning.
I need to work harder so let’s get started today we will be covering the sets and dictionaries and then we will perform some examples and then you know what you have to do you have to attempt the mcqs multiple choice questions then task and then mini project so yeah that’s the plan so let’s get started without a further Ado so first of all we understand some theory of sets so a set is an unordered collection of items so pay attention to these words every set element is unique and must be immutable right however a set itself is mutable we can add or remove items from it sets can also be used to perform mathematical set operations like Union intersection symmetric difference difference and many more then we have few characteristics that sets are unordered these are mutable no duplicates and can’t contain mutable data types so let’s take an example for example we have a set a so how do we represent sets with a curly braces correct soÂ
Let’s say we have four stocks in that set so Apple then we have Google then we have Tesla okay let’s make it three only and in set B we have let’s say Tesla then Amazon and then we have Microsoft correct so so let’s create some when diagrams okay for example we have a set a then we have the set B right so here we will write the set elements so in set a I’ll represent this with a in set a we have apple so I’ll just write the first letter then we have Google right and another we have is Tesla correct then in set B we have Tesla so Tesla is also in the set B so I’ll just leave it and we have Amazon so I have to write let’s say am to differentiate and then we have the Microsoft correct here we can see that this is set a which have apple Google and Tesla this is set B which consist of elements Tesla Amazon and Microsoft so now basically we have four operations on this so first is Union the first is Union we have first operation which is Union that means we combine all the elements from set a and set B and create a new Union set so how we can do that let’s say.
We have AGT so let me create a union set so I’ll just represent this with u is equals to a new set which consist of Apple then Google correct then we have Tesla then Amazon so Amazon I’ll represent with uh red and the last is Microsoft right now pay attention here see these elements are from the set a correct and these elements are from set B correct as we have already seen that sets do not have duplicates even if there are duplicates it will get ignored right so the Tesla was duplicate here so it was ignored and in in the union of sets we have these 1 2 3 4 5 elements correct so in short you can say Union is the combination of all the elements from both the sets and you can ignore the duplicates so that simple the union is right so the next is intersection intersection is very easy you just have to consider the common elements so here we can clearly see that we have only one common that is Tesla correct only this this area so what we can do I’ll just go ahead and write a new set intersection and.
It will be only Tesla so I’ll just write here second which is intersection correct next we have is difference difference is also as the name suggest we just take the difference of the elements so let’s say if we are taking the difference of like a minus B so in difference first of all we will check that if there is any common element if yes then just remove that and then you check what are the remaining elements in the set a for example if I did a difference B then I know that t is the common element just remove that we are left with Amazon and Google so I can write a new set in that.
We have we have Amazon and Google correct if I write B Difference A B minus a then again we will remove the common element which is Tesla and we are left with Amazon and Microsoft it was Apple here in the a negative B right this was Apple so I can write apple and when we perform B difference a we can write we will ignore this T element and we are left with Amazon and Microsoft so msft that’s the basic idea of difference next we have is also very easy that is symmetric difference right so we can write like symmetric difference so in symmetric difference what you do you just ignore the common element and then you write all the remaining elements so here when we check that Tesla is the common so we ignore that and we we are left with apple Google Amazon and Microsoft so we’ll write a symmetric difference B and then we will write the remaining ElementsÂ
Which is Apple then we have Google and Amazon and we have the Microsoft so that is the symmetric difference so now we have few more properties like if someone ask is disjoint so in disjoint set what happens if there are no common elements then we can say yes true right but we know that this set is false so if we have a question whether these sets are disjoined so we will say false correct a Boolean value false we have another property which is it subset so when we have is as prefix we just have to think in terms of true and false so when it is asked that is subset in that what happens like we have two sets first is [Music] Apple second element is Google correct then the second set we have is Apple Google then let’s say Amazon so if someone ask whether a is subset of B thenÂ
We can say true why because all the elements of set a are existing in set B right next we have superet so if we have a question is superet so similarly someone ask B is super set of a then we can say true why because of all the elements of a are existing in B correct so it’s very easy yeah we can say that b is the superet of a similarly next we have unique so is unique and this what happens for example we have this set B so I’ll just I’ll just add another element in this and let’s say this is Apple if now someone ask if B is unique then we can say it is false because it is not unique it contains the Apple element so when we have duplicates we can say that that particular set is not unique so with that being said that is the basic theory of sets and I hope that you understood it very well and if you still have any doubt you can connect with us now we quickly perform some examples and then we’ll proceed with the dictionaries now we quickly perform some examples so it will be better for understanding so let’s say.
We do not have the alignment because it is purely positional next pandas is slower due to additional features as we know that and as we have discussed previously that the more features we have it will become more slower that’s why ND have only one thing and that is only the values and because of that it is very fast and also it is based on the C right again panda have robust Group by and aggregation methods so group bu is also another object of pandas and we will learn that also thoroughly because it is also very important in Alor so we learn that also whereas numai has limited grouping capabilities again pandas integrates well with other data tools whereas numai serves as the computational backbone and we can easily integrate the pandas with mat PLO lip whereas numai requires external floating libraries again pandas have higher memory uses due to metadata right whereas numai is more memory efficient for row numerical data so that was the basic comparison and you should be having a good understanding of both the numai and pendas for efficient algo trading operation now let’s quickly dive into the interesting and let’s understand the pandas with live coding so the first thing is how to import pandas simply we can write import pandas as PD that’s it okay but as we know that we’ll be using numai also along with the pandas so it’s better always to import numai along with the pandas right so.
We just write import numai as NP correct so when you hit shift enter if it doesn’t throw any error that means you have written anything right and both of your libraries have been important now let’s create a series with list you know that a series is just a single row or a single column of any table right so series from list so what we will do we will create a series so let’s say list of string St Str correct then I can give as strings so let’s say the name of stocks so Apple then Microsoft then let’s see Bitcoin and ethereum correct now you have have to write PD dot this is a series class and inside that you just have to pass your list so list St Str correct and that’s it you have your Series so when you hit shift enter you will get the series but you might be wondering that I have just given these strings but how come this numbers are here 0 1 2 3 and that is the default index of any series or any data frame so whenever you create anything any series or any data frame without explicitly giving the index then this pandas will assign that index to your series okay now let’s move and create a series with integers so what I’ll do I’ll create a list of integers and let’s say the price so 100 1001 1002 1003 and I can give it the name like list integers correct and similarly you have to write PD series is and you have to pass the list so list integer and again when you hit shift enter you will see that you have your integer series with the default index given by the pandas now there are three things to observe the first is the index that is the default index by pandas second is the values these are known as the value right the value of the series and the third is the data type so here it was object and here it is integer 64 so you can say that in pendas a string is always considered as the object and the numbers can be
Watch this Day 6 video tutorial
Day 6: Python Sets and Dictionaries
