Object-Oriented Programming in Python for Algorithmic & Crypto Trading 9/100 Days

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Object-Oriented Programming

Welcome to Day 9 of 100 Days of Hell with Python Algo Trading! In this intense journey, I wake up at 2 AM daily to record a video before heading to work at 7 AM. Today, we dive into Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)—a crucial concept used in algorithmic trading with Python, quantitative trading strategies, and crypto trading automation. OOP helps in structuring the best algorithmic trading software in the USA and quantitative analysis for trading in Singapore. Let’s break it down with simple, real-life examples!

Let’s get started with one of the most important most exciting most powerful concept of programming which is objectoriented programming so many people say it’s very difficult to understand but believe me this is one of the easiest concept to learn yet so useful because almost all of the real life production applications are based on object object oriented programming we cannot make any real life applications without the help of objectoriented programming because if you try your code becomes so messy so lengthy and unreadable so here.

We will be understanding all the concepts of object-oriented programming in detail and with the help of so many examples and trust me just focus yourself for few minutes and you’ll be surprised at how easy it is so now the question arises what is objectoriented programming so you can simply say it organizes our program as objects so now let me show you what are the main Concepts in object oriented programming so let me draw a circle here this is oop object oriented programming the first concept here class the second concept here objects the third concept here is encapsulation fourth one is inheritance so I’ll just write here inheritance the fifth one is abstraction and the last important concept is polymorphism so now we’ll be learning each Concepts one by one and you’ll find out that how easy these concepts are now the next question is why.

We need objectoriented programming so let me write here so we can simply say like when we have a very messy very spagety code it can convert that into a very neat and clean code for example so here we have multiple variables you can say and multiple functions like you have a very big application and these type of blocks like variables and functions we have multiple of them so it becomes very difficult to manage all those functions and variables so in order to resolve that issue so what we can do we can take the help of object oriented programming so you can simply say it will convert a Massy or a spagety code into a neat and clean code or you can say organized or readable code so that’s the basic understanding of why we need object oriented programming so the first of all what we will do we will understand the theory of these Concepts like class objects encapsulation inheritance abstraction and polymorphism then we will move to the code so it will become so easy for us to understand this concept so let’s take the first concept that is class so in simple word you can say that class is a blueprint correct which tells us that how this object will behave don’t worry we will also understand shortly that what are the objects but for now just focus on class so the class is a blueprint which tells us how the objects will behave how the objects will behave very simple and short explanation so for example.

Object-Oriented Programming Part
Object-Oriented Programming Part2
Object-Oriented Programming Part4

We have a class and we can name it as human correct so in humans what we have so in humans we have some Properties or we can say attributes and we also perform some actions some functions so let’s say this human class have some Properties or you can say some attributes and it also perform some actions some functions right so so you can write functions or you can say Behavior right so now we can say that we have a human class which have some Properties or attributes and also that class performs some functions right so let’s say in Properties or attributes what we have we have two hands right so we can say we have two hands two legs two eyes right one head so so here this human class have one head two hands two legs and two eyes and.

We know that these attributes or properties perform some functions correct we can say the head performs some important task of the human class right which involves decision making and many more then we have hands which also perform some actions like to pick up anything and and to hold anything then we have leg which helps the human class in walking and the human class also have two eyes which helps in watching or viewing anything or we can say the function of the eyes attributes is to watch or to help in the vision of the human class and here we also know that this class is just a blueprint correct now this class is applied to all the human beings whether these are males or female whether male or female everyone follow this blueprint right so philosophically.

Watch this Day 9 video tutorial

Day 9: OOP Part1

1. Consider these code snippets: Snippet A: class A: …, Snippet B: def func_a(): …. Which statement is true in Python, and why?

2. Which OOP feature enables code like this: class Shape: … , class Square(Shape): …, class Circle(Shape): … , my_shape = Square(). Explain the mechanism involved.

3. Suppose you have a Person class. Instead of storing ‘age’ as a regular attribute, you decide to calculate it on the fly based on the current date and birthdate. Discuss how this embodies OOP principles.

4. You have a function calculate_area(shape), and you want to include this behavior within your various shape classes (e.g. Square, Circle). What’s the most OOP-centric way to do this, and why?

5. You’re designing a system where you have a Vehicle class, Car and Truck inheriting from it, and a Manufacturer class. An association needs to exist between Manufacturer and Vehicle. Which is most accurate and why?

6. What’s the potential pitfall of only defining __eq__ for a custom class without also considering __hash__?

7. Could you explain a scenario where defining __setattr__ could be useful over manipulating object attributes directly?

8. Describe a situation where using @classmethod would be more appropriate than @staticmethod within a class.

9. Why does Python need the explicit self reference within object methods, compared to implicit ‘this’ in languages like Java or C++?

10. Your custom Number class needs to support the unary minus operator (e.g., -my_number). Which magic method is responsible for this?

11. What’s the difference between implementing __add__ vs. implementing __radd__ for your custom Number class?

12. You want your Number class to support += augmented assignment. Do you need to implement a special method for this, and if so, which one?

13. To make your Number class participate in mixed-type arithmetic (e.g., my_number * 2.5), what’s a key strategy?

14. Metaclasses can be used for which advanced technique?

15. Which of the following is NOT a common downside of using inheritance heavily in practice?

16. Consider the task of modeling ‘shapes’. Which scenario might make you hesitate in favor of an OOP approach using inheritance, and why?

17. What might be an OOP alternative to deep inheritance hierarchies?

18. What’s a key use case for abstract classes in Python using the abc module?

19. When modeling something like file I/O, where there are common operations (open, close, read, write) but the underlying implementation varies significantly, how could OOP help?

20. Which design pattern is commonly seen in Python’s standard library and makes heavy use of the __iter__ and __next__ magic methods?