Object-Oriented Programming Part - 3 | 11/100 Days of Python Algo trading

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Day 11: Object-Oriented Programming Part – 3

1. What is encapsulation in object-oriented programming?

A) The inclusion of all program data in a single module

B) The hiding of internal states and functionality to protect an object's integrity

C) The process of creating new objects

D) The linking of various modules together

2. What is an instance variable?

A) A variable that is shared across all instances of a class

B) A variable defined inside a method and only accessible within that method

C) A variable that holds data specific to an object

D) A static variable that belongs to the class

3. How can Python Tutor be used to visualize an instance variable?

A) By automatically generating flowcharts that illustrate variable usage

B) By providing a step-by-step execution of Python code, showing the state of each variable

C) By creating a database schema that includes all instance variables

D) Python Tutor cannot visualize instance variables

4. Which of the following is an example of encapsulation?

A) A public method that modifies a private variable within the same class

B) Using multiple inheritance to combine behaviors from several classes

C) Defining all class variables as public

D) Importing methods from other modules

5. What are reference variables?

A) Variables that refer to class methods only

B) Variables that store addresses of other variables

C) Primitive data types within a class

D) Constants used within an algorithm

6. What does 'pass by reference' mean in programming?

A) Passing a copy of a variable to a function, where changes do not affect the original variable

B) Directly passing the value of a variable to a function

C) Passing the address of a variable to a function, allowing the function to modify the original variable

D) Passing a reference to a function that cannot modify the original variable

7. How does encapsulation benefit an algorithmic trading system?

A) By allowing unrestricted access to system internals

B) By protecting object integrity and preventing unintended or harmful modifications

C) By making all attributes public

D) By speeding up execution time

8. In Python, what does the `__init__` method primarily accomplish, which relates to instance variables?

A) It declares instance variables

B) It initializes instance variables, often from parameters provided during object creation

C) It clears instance variables when an object is deleted

D) It copies instance variables from another object

9. Which OOP principle is closely associated with encapsulation?

A) Polymorphism

B) Inheritance

C) Abstraction

D) Composition

10. What might be a typical use of reference variables in an algorithmic trading application?

A) To store trading configurations that can be modified at runtime

B) To keep a reference to various data feeds

C) To hold references to various trade order objects

D) To track performance metrics that are updated in real time

11. How do encapsulation and abstraction differ?

A) Encapsulation involves hiding data, while abstraction involves exposing interfaces without showing internal details.

B) Encapsulation is about creating more complex systems, while abstraction simplifies them.

C) There is no difference; both terms describe the same concept.

D) Encapsulation is a Python-specific term, while abstraction is a Java-specific term.

12. Which Python feature helps in implementing encapsulation?

A) The use of public instance variables

B) The use of modules and packages

C) The use of decorators

D) The use of private (prefixed with `__`) instance variables

13. Why might you use a reference variable when dealing with large data sets in trading algorithms?

A) To improve the algorithm’s memory efficiency by avoiding copies of large data structures.

B) To enhance the execution speed by directly modifying data in memory.

C) To facilitate easier debugging and tracking of data changes.

D) All of the above.

14. What does it mean to 'pass by reference' in the context of mutable and immutable objects in Python?

A) Changes to mutable objects are reflected outside the function, but changes to immutable objects are not.

B) Both mutable and immutable objects can be directly modified without restrictions.

C) Immutable objects can be passed by reference, but mutable objects cannot.

D) Passing by reference is applicable only to user-defined objects, not built-in types.

15. Which statement best demonstrates the concept of encapsulation in financial software development?

A) A class that exposes all its financial indicators to any other class.

B) A trading class that hides its complex risk analysis methods from outside access, exposing only a simplified public method to execute trades.

C) A database access class that requires callers to know the details of its SQL connection.

D) Modules that are imported without any restrictions on what can be accessed.

16. How is an instance variable visualized in Python Tutor?

A) By highlighting it in red whenever it changes.

B) By displaying the variable in the current state snapshot each time a function is called or returned.

C) By showing a graph of its values over time.

D) Python Tutor does not support visualization of instance variables.

17. What kind of programming error is managed through encapsulation?

A) Syntax errors due to miswritten code.

B) Logical errors from flawed algorithm design.

C) Security vulnerabilities due to exposed sensitive data or operations.

D) Runtime errors that cause a program to crash unexpectedly.

18. What is the primary benefit of using reference variables in a complex system like algorithmic trading?

A) Speeding up the execution of operations that involve large datasets.

B) Decreasing the memory usage by sharing data instead of copying.

C) Simplifying the codebase by reducing the number of variables.

D) Both A and B.

19. In an object-oriented design, why is it advantageous to keep instance variables private?

A) To allow them to be easily accessed from anywhere in the application.

B) To prevent the accidental modification of data that could compromise the object's state.

C) To make the code more efficient by reducing memory usage.

D) To comply with mandatory programming standards.

20. How can encapsulation help in maintaining large-scale financial systems?

A) By enabling rapid changes to the core system without extensive testing.

B) By ensuring that all parts of the system use data in a consistent manner.

C) By protecting internal state and reducing the risk of data corruption from external access.

D) By forcing all subsystems to handle their operations independently.